Erasmus+ partners
Discover UKF partner universities
Explore universities and mobility opportunities available through UKF bilateral agreements.
Map of partner universities
Partner network
Partner directory
Partners: 198
| Country | Partner institution | Erasmus code | City | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | FACHHOCHSCHULE ST. PÖLTEN GMBH | A ST-POLT03 | St. Pölten | Details |
| Austria | FH OÖ STUDIENBETRIEBS GMBH | A WELS01 | Wels | Details |
| Austria | JAM MUSIC LAB Private University for Jazz and Popular Music | A WIEN76 | Wien | Details |
| Austria | PAEDAGOGISCHE HOCHSCHULE OBEROESTERREICH | A LINZ03 | Linz | Details |
| Austria | PRIVATE PAEDAGOGISCHE HOCHSCHULE DER DIÖZESE LINZ | A LINZ04 | Linz | Details |
| Austria | UNIVERSITÄT WIEN | A WIEN01 | Wien | Details |
| Belgium | HOGESCHOOL PXL | B HASSELT22 | Hasselt | Details |
| Belgium | KAREL DE GROTE HOGESCHOOL, KATHOLIEKE HOGESCHOOL ANTWERPEN | B ANTWERP59 | Antwerpen | Details |
| Belgium | KU LEUVEN | B LEUVEN01 | Kortrijk | Details |
| Belgium | UC LEUVEN- Limburg | B LEUVEN18 | Leuven | Details |
| Belgium | UC LEUVEN- Limburg - University of Applied Sciences | B LEUVEN18 | Leuven | Details |
| Bulgaria | BALGARSKA AKADEMIA NA NAUKITE | BG SOFIA30 | Sofia | Details |
| Bulgaria | RUSENSKI UNIVERSITET "ANGEL KANCHEV" | BG ROUSSE01 | Русе | Details |
| Bulgaria | TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA | BG VARNA02 | Варна | Details |
| Bulgaria | UNIVERSITET ZA NATZIONALNO I SVETOVNO STOPANSTVO | BG SOFIA03 | Sofia | Details |
| Bulgaria | UNIVERSITET ZA NATZIONALNO I SVETOVNO STOPANSTVO (University of National and World Economy) | BG SOFIA03 | Sofia | Details |
| Bulgaria | VELIKOTARNOVSKI UNIVERSITET SV. SV. KIRIL I METODII | BG VELIKO01 | Veliko Tarnovo | Details |
| Cyprus | PANEPISTIMIO KYPROU | CY NICOSIA01 | Nicosia | Details |
| Czechia | CESKA ZEMEDELSKA UNIVERZITA V PRAZE | CZ PRAHA02 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | JIHOČESKÁ UNIVERZITA V ČESKÝCH BUDĚJOVICÍCH | CZ CESKE01 | České Budějovice | Details |
| Czechia | MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA | CZ BRNO05 | Šlapanice | Details |
| Czechia | MENDELOVA UNIVERZITA V BRNĚ | CZ BRNO02 | Brno | Details |
| Czechia | METROPOLITNÍ UNIVERZITA PRAHA, O.P.S. | CZ PRAHA18 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | OSTRAVSKÁ UNIVERZITA V OSTRAVĚ | CZ OSTRAVA02 | Ostrava | Details |
| Czechia | SLEZSKÁ UNIVERZITA V OPAVĚ | CZ OPAVA01 | Opava | Details |
| Czechia | TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA V LIBERCI | CZ LIBEREC01 | Liberec | Details |
| Czechia | University College Prague | CZ PRAHA16 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | University College Prague (pôvodne VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA MEZINÁRODNÍCH A VEŘEJNÝCH VZTAHŮ PRAHA, O.P.S. a VŠHE Praha) | CZ PRAHA16 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | UNIVERZITA HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ | CZ HRADEC01 | Hradec Králové | Details |
| Czechia | UNIVERZITA JANA EVANGELISTY PURKYNĚ V ÚSTÍ NAD LABEM | CZ USTINAD01 | Ústí nad Labem | Details |
| Czechia | UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE | CZ PRAHA07 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | UNIVERZITA PALACKEHO V OLOMOUCI | CZ OLOMOUC01 | Olomouc | Details |
| Czechia | UNIVERZITA PARDUBICE | CZ PARDUB01 | Pardubice | Details |
| Czechia | UNIVERZITA TOMÁŠE BATI VE ZLÍNĚ | CZ ZLIN01 | Zlín | Details |
| Czechia | VYSOKA SKOLA EKONOMICKA V PRAZE | CZ PRAHA09 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA EVROPSKÝCH A REGIONÁLNÍCH STUDIÍ, O. P. S. | CZ CESKE03 | České Budějovice | Details |
| Czechia | VYSOKA SKOLA OBCHODNI V PRAZE, O.P.S | CZ PRAHA12 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | VYSOKA SKOLA POLYTECHNICKA JIHLAVA | CZ JIHLAVA02 | Jihlava | Details |
| Czechia | VYSOKA SKOLA ZDRAVOTNICKA O.P.S. | CZ PRAHA23 | Praha | Details |
| Czechia | ZÁPADOCESKÁ UNIVERZITA V PLZNI | CZ PLZEN01 | Plzeň | Details |
| Germany | ERNST-ABBE-FACHHOCHSCHULE JENA | D JENA02 | Jena | Details |
| Germany | FRIEDRICH-SCHILLER-UNIVERSITÄT JENA | D JENA01 | Jena | Details |
| Germany | HOCHSCHULE EMDEN/LEER | D EMDEN02 | Emden | Details |
| Germany | HOCHSCHULE KARLSRUHE – TECHNIK UND WIRTSCHAFT | D KARLSRU05 | Karlsruhe | Details |
| Germany | JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITAET | D FRANKFU01 | Frankfurt am Main | Details |
| Germany | KATHOLISCHE HOCHSCHULE NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN | D KOLN05 | Münster | Details |
| Germany | KATHOLISCHE UNIVERSITÄT EICHSTÄTT-INGOLSTADT | D EICHSTA01 | Eichstätt | Details |
| Germany | LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN | D MUNCHEN01 | München | Details |
| Germany | PÄDAGOGISCHE HOCHSCHULE FREIBURG IM BREISGAU | D FREIBUR02 | Freiburg im Breisgau | Details |
| Germany | PAEDAGOGISCHE HOCHSCHULE KARLSRUHE | D KARLSRU02 | Karlsruhe | Details |
| Germany | PAEDAGOGISCHE HOCHSCHULE SCHWAEBISCH GMUEND | D SCHWA-G01 | Schwäbisch Gmünd | Details |
| Germany | TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET CHEMNITZ | D CHEMNIT01 | Chemnitz | Details |
| Germany | UNIVERSITAET PASSAU | D PASSAU01 | Passau | Details |
| Germany | UNIVERSITAET ZU KOELN | D KOLN01 | Köln | Details |
| Germany | UNIVERSITÄT BAYREUTH | D BAYREUT01 | Bayreuth | Details |
| Germany | WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS-UNIVERSITÄT MÜNSTER | D MUNSTER01 | Münster | Details |
| Denmark | PROFESSIONSHØJSKOLEN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SYDDANMARK | DK ESBJERG19 | Esbjerg | Details |
| Denmark | UCL University College | DK ODENSE23 | Odense | Details |
| Estonia | TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL (TALTECH) | EE TALLINN04 | Tallinn | Details |
| Estonia | UNIVERSITY OF TARTU | EE TARTU02 | Tartu linn | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALA | E ALCAL-H01 | Alcalá de Henares | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERÍA | E ALMERIA01 | Almería | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS | E BURGOS01 | Burgos | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA | E LAS-PAL01 | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA | E MALAGA01 | Málaga | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO | E OVIEDO01 | Oviedo | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA | E SALAMAN02 | Salamanca | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA | E SANTIAG01 | Santiago de Compostela | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSIDAD PABLO DE OLAVIDE | E SEVILLA03 | Sevilla | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA | E GIRONA02 | Girona | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSITAT DE LES ILLES BALEARS | E PALMA01 | Palma | Details |
| Spain | UNIVERSITAT INTERNACIONAL DE CATALUNYA, Barcelona | E BARCELO24 | Barcelona | Details |
| Spain | University of Cantabria | E SANTAND01 | Santander | Details |
| France | INSTITUT DE MANAGEMENT ET DE COMMUNICATION INTERCULTURELS | F PARIS379 | Paris | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE DE HAUTE-ALSACE | F MULHOUS01 | Nogent | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE DE LILLE | F LILLE103 | Villeneuve-d'Ascq | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE | F NANCY43 | Rosières-près-Troyes | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE DE REIMS CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNE | F REIMS01 | Reims | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE DE SAVOIE | F CHAMBER01 | Chambéry | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG | F STRASBO48 | Strasbourg | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE LUMIERE LYON 2 | F LYON02 | Bron | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE SORBONNE NOUVELLE - PARIS 3 | F PARIS003 | Paris | Details |
| France | UNIVERSITE TOULOUSE II - JEAN JAURES | F TOULOUS02 | Toulouse | Details |
| Greece | ARISTOTELEIO PANEPISTIMIO THESSALONIKIS | G THESSAL01 | Δημοτική Ενότητα Αγίου Παύλου | Details |
| Greece | IONIO PANEPISTIMIO | G ATHINE42 | Κέρκυρα | Details |
| Greece | PANEPISTIMIO PATRON | G PATRA01 | Δημοτική Ενότητα Ρίου | Details |
| Croatia | SVEUCILISTE JOSIPA JURJA STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU | HR OSIJEK01 | Osijek | Details |
| Croatia | SVEUCILISTE U RIJECI (University of Rijeka) | HR RIJEKA01 | Rijeka | Details |
| Croatia | SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU | HR ZADAR01 | Zadar | Details |
| Hungary | APOR VILMOS KATOLIKUS FŐISKOLA | HU ZSAMBEK01 | Budapest | Details |
| Hungary | BUDAPESTI METROPOLITAN EGYETEM | HU BUDAPES45 | Budapest | Details |
| Hungary | DEBRECENI EGYETEM | HU DEBRECE01 | Debrecen | Details |
| Hungary | EÖTVÖS LORÁND TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM | HU BUDAPES01 | Budapest | Details |
| Hungary | ESZTERHAZY KAROLY EGYETEM | HU EGER02 | Eger | Details |
| Hungary | GÁL FERENC FŐISKOLA | HU SZEGED04 | Békéscsaba | Details |
| Hungary | Jewish Theological Seminary - University of Jewish Studies | HU BUDAPES55 | Budapest | Details |
| Hungary | Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary | HU BUDAPES10 | Budapest | Details |
| Hungary | MATE - Hungarian University of Agriculture and life Sciences | HU GODOLLO01 | Gödöllő | Details |
| Hungary | National University of Public Service | HU BUDAPES54 | Budapest | Details |
| Hungary | Óbuda University Budapest | HU BUDAPES16 | Budapest | Details |
| Hungary | PANNON EGYETEM | HU VESZPRE01 | Veszprém | Details |
| Hungary | PÉCSI TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM | HU PECS01 | Pécs | Details |
| Hungary | SOPRONI EGYETEM | HU SOPRON01 | Sopron | Details |
| Hungary | Szechenyi Istvan Egyetem | HU GYOR01 | Győr | Details |
| Hungary | SZEGEDI TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM | HU SZEGED01 | Szeged | Details |
| Hungary | University of Miskolc | HU MISKOLC01 | Miskolc | Details |
| Italy | Conservatorio di Musica Umberto Giordano | I FOGGIA02 | Foggia | Details |
| Italy | Universitá degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso | I CAMPOBA01 | Trivento | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELL'INSUBRIA | I VARESE02 | Varese | Details |
| Italy | Universita Degli Studi Della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli | I NAPOLI09 | Caserta | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DELLA TUSCIA | I VITERBO01 | Viterbo | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI CATANIA | I CATANIA01 | Catania | Details |
| Italy | Universita Degli Studi di Napoli Federico ll | I NAPOLI01 | Napoli | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI VERONA | I VERONA01 | Verona | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITÀ DI BOLOGNA - ALMA MATER STUDIORUM | I BOLOGNA01 | Bologna | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITÀ PER STRANIERI "DANTE ALIGHIERI" | I REGGIO06 | Reggio Calabria | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITÀ PER STRANIERI DI PERUGIA | I PERUGIA06 | Perugia | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI BARI ALDO MORO | I BARI01 | Noci | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA | I PADOVA01 | Padova | Details |
| Italy | UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI UDINE | I UDINE01 | Udine | Details |
| Lithuania | VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS | LT VILNIUS01 | Vilnius | Details |
| Latvia | DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITATE | LV DAUGAVP01 | Daugavpils | Details |
| Latvia | TURIBA UNIVERSITY | LV RIGA09 | Rīga | Details |
| North Macedonia | International University EUROPA PRIMA | MK SKOPJE21 | Skopje | Details |
| North Macedonia | SS CYRIL AND METHODIUS UNIVERSITY | MK SKOPJE01 | Скопје | Details |
| North Macedonia | UNIVERSITY ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI | MK BITOLA01 | Кичево | Details |
| Malta | Universitá ta Malta | MT MALTA01 | Il-Belt Valletta | Details |
| Netherlands | STICHTING HANZEHOGESCHOOL GRONINGEN | NL GRONING03 | Groningen | Details |
| Netherlands | STICHTING HOGESCHOOL VAN ARNHEM EN NIJMEGEN HAN | NL ARNHEM27 | Arnhem | Details |
| Norway | UNIVERSITETET I NORDLAND | N BODO04 | Bodø | Details |
| Norway | UNIVERSITETET I SOROST-NORGE | N KONGSBE02 | Porsgrunn | Details |
| Norway | VID vitenskapelige høgskole | N OSLO67 | Sandnes | Details |
| Poland | Akademia Im. Jakuba Z Paradyza | PL GORZOW01 | Gorzów Wielkopolski | Details |
| Poland | Akademia Im. Jakuba Z Paradyza (pôvodne PANSTWOWA WYZSZA SZKOLA ZAWODOWA W GORZOWIE WIELKOPOLSKIM) | PL GORZOW01 | — | Details |
| Poland | AKADEMIA IM. JANA DLUGOSZA W CZESTOCHOWIE | PL CZESTOC02 | Częstochowa | Details |
| Poland | AKADEMIA POMORSKA W SLUPSKU | PL SLUPSK01 | Słupsk | Details |
| Poland | KRAKOWSKA AKADEMIA IM. ANDRZEJA FRYCZA MODRZEWSKIEGO | PL KRAKOW17 | Kraków | Details |
| Poland | Lublin University of Technology | PL LUBLIN03 | Lublin | Details |
| Poland | PANSTWOWA WYZSZA SZKOLA ZAWODOWA W NOWYM SACZU | PL NOWY-SA02 | Nowy Sącz | Details |
| Poland | PANSTWOWA WYZSZA SZKOLA ZAWODOWA W RACIBORZU | PL RACIBOR01 | Racibórz | Details |
| Poland | POLITECHNIKA CZĘSTOCHOWSKA | PL CZESTOC01 | Częstochowa | Details |
| Poland | POLITECHNIKA RADOMSKA IM. KAZIMIERZA PUŁASKIEGO W RADOMIU | PL RADOM01 | Radom | Details |
| Poland | Politechnika Slaska | PL GLIWICE01 | — | Details |
| Poland | SWPS UNIVERSYTET HUMANISTICZNOSPOLECZNY | PL WARSZAW37 | Warszawa | Details |
| Poland | University of Bialystok | PL BIALYST04 | Białystok | Details |
| Poland | University of Bielsko-Biala | PL BIELSKO02 | Bielsko-Biała | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET EKONOMICZNY W KATOWICACH | PL KATOWIC02 | Katowice | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET GDANSKI | PL GDANSK01 | Gdańsk | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET IM. ADAMA MICKIEWICZA W POZNANIU | PL POZNAN01 | Poznań | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET JAGIELLONSKI | PL KRAKOW01 | Kraków | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET KARDYNALA STEFANA WYSZYNSKIEGO W WARSZAWIE | PL WARSZAW07 | Warszawa | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET KAZIMIERZA WIELKIEGO/ AKADEMIA BYDGOSKA | PL BYDGOSZ01 | Bydgoszcz | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET LODZKI | PL LODZ01 | Łódź | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET OPOLSKI | PL OPOLE01 | Opole | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET PAPIESKI JANA PAWLA II W KRAKOWIE | PL KRAKOW08 | Kraków | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET PEDAGOGICZNY IM.KOMISJI EDUKACJI NARODOWEJ W KRAKOWIE | PL KRAKOW05 | Kraków | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET PRZYRODNICZO-HUMANISTYCZNY W SIEDLCACH | PL SIEDLCE01 | Siedlce | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET ROLNICZY IM. HUGONA KOLLATAJA W KRAKOWIE | PL KRAKOW06 | Kraków | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET RZESZOWSKI | PL RZESZOW02 | Rzeszów | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET SLASKI W KATOWICACH | PL KATOWIC01 | Katowice | Details |
| Poland | Uniwersytet Szczecinski | PL SZCZECI01 | Szczecin | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI | PL WARSZAW01 | Warszawa | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET WROCŁAWSKI | PL WROCLAW01 | Wrocław | Details |
| Poland | UNIWERSYTET ZIELONOGÓRSKI | PL ZIELONA01 | Zielona Góra | Details |
| Poland | Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences | PL WROCLAW08 | Wrocław | Details |
| Poland | Wyzsza Szkola Humanitas | PL SOSNOWI01 | Sosnowiec | Details |
| Portugal | INSTITUTO POLITECNICO DO PORTO | P PORTO05 | Porto | Details |
| Portugal | UNIVERSIDADE DA MADEIRA | P FUNCHAL03 | Funchal | Details |
| Portugal | UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA | P COIMBRA01 | Coimbra | Details |
| Portugal | UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE | P FARO02 | Faro | Details |
| Romania | UNIVERSITATEA "1 DECEMBRIE 1918" DIN ALBA IULIA | RO ALBAIU01 | Alba Iulia | Details |
| Romania | UNIVERSITATEA "OVIDIUS" DIN CONSTANTA | RO CONSTAN02 | Constanța | Details |
| Romania | UNIVERSITATEA "POLITEHNICA" DIN TIMISOARA | RO TIMISOA04 | Timișoara | Details |
| Romania | UNIVERSITATEA BABES-BOLYAI | RO CLUJNAP01 | Cluj-Napoca | Details |
| Romania | UNIVERSITATEA CREŞTINĂ PARTIUM | RO ORADEA02 | Oradea | Details |
| Romania | UNIVERSITATEA DIN BUCURESTI | RO BUCURES09 | București | Details |
| Romania | Universitatea din Craiova | RO CRAIOVA01 | Craiova | Details |
| Romania | UNIVERSITATEA SAPIENTIA DIN CLUJ-NAPOCA (Hungarian University of Transylvania) | RO CLUJNAP07 | Cluj-Napoca | Details |
| Romania | Universitatea Transilvania din Brasov | RO BRASOV01 | Brașov | Details |
| Romania | Universitatea Transylvania din Brasov | RO BRASOV01 | Brașov | Details |
| Serbia | University of Belgrade | RS BELGRAD02 | Београд | Details |
| Serbia | VISOKA TEHNICKA SKOLA STRUKOVNIH STUDIJA SUBOTICA | RS SUBOTIC01 | Суботица | Details |
| Slovenia | UNIVERZA NA PRIMORSKEM UNIVERSITA DEL LITORALE | SI KOPER03 | Koper / Capodistria | Details |
| Slovenia | UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI | SI LJUBLJA01 | Ljubljana | Details |
| Türkiye | Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University | TR ANTALYA03 | Alanya | Details |
| Türkiye | BALIKESIR UNIVERSITESI | TR BALIKES01 | Bigadiç | Details |
| Türkiye | BİLECİK SEYH EDEBALI ÜNİVERSİTESİ | TR BILECIK01 | Bilecik Merkez | Details |
| Türkiye | DUZCE UNIVERSITY | TR DUZCE01 | Çilimli | Details |
| Türkiye | ERZINCAN BINALI YILDIRIM UNIVERSITY | TR ERZINCA01 | Erzincan Merkez | Details |
| Türkiye | GAZİANTEP ÜNİVERSİTESİ | TR GAZIANT01 | Gaziantep | Details |
| Türkiye | Istanbul Aydin University | TR ISTANBU25 | Küçükçekmece | Details |
| Türkiye | İSTANBUL GELİŞİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ | TR ISTANBU32 | Avcılar | Details |
| Türkiye | ISTANBUL SABAHATTIN ZAIM UNIVERSITY | TR ISTANBU41 | Istanbul | Details |
| Türkiye | KIRKLARELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ | TR KIRKLAR01 | Kırklareli Merkez | Details |
| Türkiye | MERSIN UNIVERSITESI - MEU | TR MERSIN01 | Mersin | Details |
| Türkiye | MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ | TR HATAY01 | Balçova | Details |
| Türkiye | SINOP UNIVERSITESI | TR SINOP01 | Sinop Merkez | Details |
| Türkiye | SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY | TR SIVAS01 | Sivas Belediyesi | Details |
| No partners match the selected filters. | ||||
Start your Erasmus+ journey
Log in with your UKF credentials to see the partners available specifically to your faculty and academic unit.